How to load flat files containing Arabic (any non-English) characters using SQLLDR

When you need to load non-ASCII data from a flat file into an Oracle database, the primary tool of choice is SQL*Loader, but unfortunately it does not automatically recognize the character encoding scheme of non-ASCII text (Arabic) files, you have to specify the correct encoding for the flat file in order to ensure a successful load. For that purpose, NLS_LANG needs to be set before launching SQL*Loader. If encoding type of the flat file is unknown, unfortunately there is no 100% reliable way to determine what encoding is used in that text file.

ORA-01704: String Literal Too Long. Cause: String Literal is Longer Than 4000 Characters

A text literal can have a maximum length of 4000 bytes.  In order to update a column greater than 4K, bind variables must be used and in the case of lobs if the data set is greater than 32k, use DBMS_LOB for piece wise manipulation.